Canadian Dollar Forecast: What 7 Banks Published September 2026
Short answer. As of September 23, 2026, the latest forecasts from all seven banks put the US dollar at an average of 1.39 Canadian at the end of 2026, with calls from 1.37 to 1.45. By the end of 2027 they expect 1.33 to 1.37, a stronger Canadian dollar.
We read each bank's own forecast document and link every number to it. All seven editions are dated within the last 90 days. The current editions average 1.39 for USD/CAD in Q4 2026, and the calls sit eight cents apart.
- RBC1.45
- TD1.39*
- Desjardins1.38
- BMO1.38
- Scotiabank1.37
- NBC1.37
- CIBC1.37
*TD Economics converted; see the table below.
What the documents say
Where the banks agree, and where they don't
7 of 7
Every current edition has USD/CAD lower by Q4 2027 than in Q4 2026. They differ on the route, not the destination.
8¢
RBC Capital Markets at 1.45 against 1.37 at Scotiabank, National Bank and CIBC for Q4 2026.
7 / 7
Editions within 90 days. Newest: Scotiabank (Sep 10, 2026). Oldest: CIBC (Aug 2026).
6
Banks publishing AUD/CAD. NZD/CAD is calculated for the 4 banks that publish NZD/USD.
Snapshot
Average of current editions
| Pair | Q4 2026 | Latest horizon | What banks see |
|---|---|---|---|
| USD/CAD | 1.39 | 1.34 by Q4 2027 | Lower by Q4 2027 (firmer CAD), wide spread |
| EUR/CAD | 1.61 | 1.57 by Q4 2027 | Lower by Q4 2027 (firmer CAD), wide spread |
| GBP/CAD | 1.87 | 1.83 by Q4 2027 | Lower by Q4 2027 (firmer CAD), wide spread |
| AUD/CAD | 1.00 | 0.99 by Q4 2027 | Lower by Q4 2027 (firmer CAD), wide spread |
| NZD/CAD | 0.83 | 0.82 by Q4 2027 | Lower by Q4 2027 (firmer CAD), moderate spread; calculated from NZD/USD |
01. Main pair
USD/CAD forecast
On average the banks see USD/CAD lower, from 1.39 in Q4 2026 to 1.34 by Q4 2027: a firmer Canadian dollar against the US dollar.
RBC Capital Markets has the highest Q4 2026 call at 1.45; Scotiabank, National Bank and CIBC have the lowest at 1.37. By Q4 2027 the current calls run from 1.33 to 1.37.
How the gaps are filled. TD Economics publishes US dollars per Canadian dollar; we convert with 1 divided by the printed figure (marked conv.). National Bank prints quarterly figures to Q2 2027 and states a 2027 level; the later quarters show that stated target (marked target).
USD/CAD by bank
HighestLowest| Bank | Source and date | Q4 2026 | Q1 2027 | Q2 2027 | Q3 2027 | Q4 2027 | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RBC Capital Markets | Currency Report Card, Aug 2026Aug 13, 2026 | 1.45 | 1.43 | 1.40 | 1.37 | 1.35 | Current |
| TD Economics | Forecast Tables: Foreign Exchange Outlook, Sep 2026Sep 2026 | 1.39conv. | 1.39conv. | 1.39conv. | 1.37conv. | 1.37conv. | CurrentConverted from USD per CAD |
| Scotiabank | Foreign Exchange Outlook, Sep 2026Sep 10, 2026 | 1.37 | 1.36 | 1.35 | 1.34 | 1.33 | Current |
| National Bank | Forex (monthly), Sep 2026Sep 8, 2026 | 1.37 | 1.35 | 1.33 | 1.33target | 1.33target | CurrentQ3 2027 and Q4 2027 at stated 2027 target |
| Desjardins | FX Analysis, Aug 2026Aug 27, 2026 | 1.38 | 1.36 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.34 | Current |
| CIBC | FX Monthly, Aug 2026Aug 2026 | 1.37 | 1.36 | 1.36 | 1.34 | 1.34 | Current |
| BMO | Rates Scenario, Aug 2026Aug 13, 2026 | 1.38 | 1.37 | 1.36 | 1.35 | 1.33 | CurrentPeriod averages; Q4 2026 is the December average |
| Average, current editions | Simple mean of figures shown | 1.39n=7 | 1.37n=7 | 1.36n=7 | 1.35n=7 | 1.34n=7 | Within 90 days |
Marks. conv. = converted from the bank's quote; calc. = calculated from two of the bank's own figures; target = the bank's stated level for the year; none = no figure published.
Freshness. Editions dated more than 90 days before the check date are shown with their date and left out of the average.
Sources. Each row links to the bank's own document. We copy the figures only, never the text. BMO figures are period averages.
Monthly history
How the bank calls have moved, month by month
A single month's forecast tells you what the banks think now; the history shows how often they change their minds. We add one row each month and never rewrite past rows. The last column is the Bank of Canada's USD/CAD rate on the day the forecasts were read, so you can compare each call with where the dollar actually stood.
| Month read | Forecast for | Average | Lowest | Highest | Banks | Bank of Canada rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 2026 | Q4 2026 | 1.39 | 1.37 | 1.45 | 7 | 1.4096 |
USD/CAD bank forecasts for the quarter shown, current editions only. Bank of Canada daily exchange rate on the read date.
Track record
How accurate were last year's forecasts?
In the autumn of 2025 the seven banks expected the US dollar to end 2025 between 1.37 and 1.40 Canadian. The Bank of Canada rate on December 31, 2025 was 1.3706. Every call was at or above the actual rate, and the average miss was about 2 cents. That sounds small, but a year-ahead call moves much more, as the second table shows.
Forecasts for the end of 2025 against the actual rate
Actual: 1.3706| Bank | Forecast made in | Forecast for end 2025 | Actual, Bank of Canada | Miss |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RBC Capital Markets | Forecast table, Nov 13, 2025 | 1.39 | 1.3706 | 2¢ above |
| TD Economics | Quarterly Economic Forecast, Sep 18, 2025 | 1.37 conv. | 1.3706 | within 1¢ |
| Scotiabank | Forecast Tables, Nov 12, 2025 | 1.40 | 1.3706 | 3¢ above |
| National Bank | Forex (archived copy), Sep 10, 2025 | 1.38 | 1.3706 | 1¢ above |
| Desjardins | FX Analysis, Table 1, Oct 22, 2025 | 1.40 | 1.3706 | 3¢ above |
| CIBC | FX Monthly, Oct 2025 | 1.38 | 1.3706 | 1¢ above |
| BMO | Rates Scenario, Nov 13, 2025 | 1.40 avg. | 1.3706 | 3¢ above |
Each bank's last end-2025 USD/CAD forecast published between September and November 2025 that is available at a working link on the bank's own site (or an archived copy of it). Actual: Bank of Canada daily exchange rate. conv. = converted from TD's US dollars per Canadian dollar; avg. = BMO's December average rather than a year-end level.
How far the end of 2026 calls have moved
First verifiable call against today| Bank | First call made in | End 2026 call then | End 2026 call now | Moved |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RBC Capital Markets | Financial Markets Monthly forecast table, Mar 12, 2025 | 1.35 | 1.45 | up 10¢ |
| TD Economics | Quarterly Economic Forecast, Mar 18, 2025 | 1.41 conv. | 1.39 | down 2¢ |
| Scotiabank | Forecast Tables, Feb 10, 2025 | 1.40 | 1.37 | down 3¢ |
| National Bank | Monthly Economic Monitor (archived copy), May 2025 | 1.33 | 1.37 | up 4¢ |
| Desjardins | FX Analysis, Table 1, Jan 15, 2025 | 1.45 | 1.38 | down 7¢ |
| CIBC | Forecast Update, Jan 3, 2025 | 1.41 | 1.37 | down 4¢ |
| BMO | Rates Scenario, Jun 12, 2025 | 1.33 avg. | 1.38 | up 5¢ |
Each bank's earliest verifiable end-2026 USD/CAD forecast published from January 2025 onward, from the bank's own document (or an archived copy of it). "Now" is each bank's Q4 2026 figure in the USD/CAD table above. Up means the bank now expects a weaker Canadian dollar than it first did.
The calls did not all move the same way: 3 banks now expect a weaker Canadian dollar than at first and 4 a stronger one. RBC Capital Markets has moved furthest up, by 10 cents, and Desjardins furthest down, by 7 cents. On US$100,000, each cent is C$1,000. Forecasts are useful for planning, not for picking a closing date.
What a cent is worth
What a move in USD/CAD means on a real transfer
| Amount | Example | 1 cent move | 5 cent move | Gap between banks (8¢) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US$25,000 | A winter budget in the US | C$250 | C$1,250 | C$2,000 |
| US$40,000 | A monthly supplier payment | C$400 | C$2,000 | C$3,200 |
| US$100,000 | A deposit on a US property | C$1,000 | C$5,000 | C$8,000 |
| US$500,000 | A US property purchase | C$5,000 | C$25,000 | C$40,000 |
Each cent of USD/CAD is worth 1% of the US dollar amount in Canadian dollars. The last column is the gap between the highest and lowest bank call for Q4 2026: on US$100,000, the banks disagree by C$8,000.
Timing
Should you wait for a better rate before you convert?
If banks that employ teams of economists disagree by eight cents about the same quarter, nobody can reliably pick the best day to convert. What you can control is how much of your money depends on a single day's rate.
The people who lose the most are usually the ones who waited for a number that never came, then converted in a hurry.
A property closing, a tuition date or a supplier invoice. Work back from the date and convert in parts, some now and some closer to the date, so one bad week cannot set the rate for the whole amount.
Decide the rate you would be happy with, set an alert for it with your provider, and stop watching the screen.
| Approach | Fits when | What it limits |
|---|---|---|
| Convert everything now | You need the money soon, or the amount is small | All future rate risk, but you accept one day's rate |
| Convert in two or three parts | You have a fixed date weeks or months away | How much one bad week can cost you |
| Set a target rate and wait | There is no deadline | Regret: you only convert at a rate you already decided to accept |
General information only, not advice. Your own situation, costs and deadlines matter more than any forecast.
02. Cross rate
EUR/CAD forecast
On average the banks see EUR/CAD lower, from 1.61 in Q4 2026 to 1.57 by Q4 2027: a firmer Canadian dollar against the euro.
Scotiabank has the highest Q4 2026 call at 1.64; BMO has the lowest at 1.59. By Q4 2027 the current calls run from 1.49 to 1.62.
How the gaps are filled. Where National Bank prints no figure for a quarter, the cell reads none. Nothing is carried forward.
EUR/CAD by bank
HighestLowest| Bank | Source and date | Q4 2026 | Q1 2027 | Q2 2027 | Q3 2027 | Q4 2027 | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RBC Capital Markets | Currency Report Card, Aug 2026Aug 13, 2026 | 1.61 | 1.57 | 1.54 | 1.51 | 1.49 | Current |
| TD Economics | Forecast Tables: Foreign Exchange Outlook, Sep 2026Sep 2026 | 1.61 | 1.61 | 1.63 | 1.63 | 1.62 | Current |
| Scotiabank | Foreign Exchange Outlook, Sep 2026Sep 10, 2026 | 1.64 | 1.63 | 1.63 | 1.62 | 1.62 | Current |
| National Bank | Forex (monthly), Sep 2026Sep 8, 2026 | 1.62 | 1.61 | 1.60 | none | none | CurrentNo figure published for some quarters |
| Desjardins | FX Analysis, Aug 2026Aug 27, 2026 | 1.63 | 1.60 | 1.57 | 1.55 | 1.54 | Current |
| CIBC | FX Monthly, Aug 2026Aug 2026 | 1.60 | 1.62 | 1.63 | 1.59 | 1.58 | Current |
| BMO | Rates Scenario, Aug 2026Aug 13, 2026 | 1.59 | 1.59 | 1.58 | 1.58 | 1.57 | CurrentPeriod averages; Q4 2026 is the December average |
| Average, current editions | Simple mean of figures shown | 1.61n=7 | 1.60n=7 | 1.60n=7 | 1.58n=6 | 1.57n=6 | Within 90 days |
Marks. conv. = converted from the bank's quote; calc. = calculated from two of the bank's own figures; target = the bank's stated level for the year; none = no figure published.
Freshness. Editions dated more than 90 days before the check date are shown with their date and left out of the average.
Sources. Each row links to the bank's own document. We copy the figures only, never the text. BMO figures are period averages.
03. Cross rate
GBP/CAD forecast
On average the banks see GBP/CAD lower, from 1.87 in Q4 2026 to 1.83 by Q4 2027: a firmer Canadian dollar against the British pound.
Desjardins has the highest Q4 2026 call at 1.92; RBC Capital Markets has the lowest at 1.84. By Q4 2027 the current calls run from 1.77 to 1.90.
How the gaps are filled. Cells marked calc. multiply the bank's own GBP/USD call by its USD/CAD call for the same quarter (Scotiabank). Where National Bank prints no figure for a quarter, the cell reads none. Nothing is carried forward.
GBP/CAD by bank
HighestLowest| Bank | Source and date | Q4 2026 | Q1 2027 | Q2 2027 | Q3 2027 | Q4 2027 | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RBC Capital Markets | Currency Report Card, Aug 2026Aug 13, 2026 | 1.84 | 1.82 | 1.80 | 1.77 | 1.77 | Current |
| TD Economics | Forecast Tables: Foreign Exchange Outlook, Sep 2026Sep 2026 | 1.90 | 1.90 | 1.91 | 1.91 | 1.90 | Current |
| Scotiabank | Foreign Exchange Outlook, Sep 2026Sep 10, 2026 | 1.88calc. | 1.88calc. | 1.86calc. | 1.86calc. | 1.85calc. | CurrentCalculated: GBP/USD times USD/CAD |
| National Bank | Forex (monthly), Sep 2026Sep 8, 2026 | 1.86 | 1.85 | 1.82 | none | none | CurrentNo figure published for some quarters |
| Desjardins | FX Analysis, Aug 2026Aug 27, 2026 | 1.92 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.81 | 1.81 | Current |
| CIBC | FX Monthly, Aug 2026Aug 2026 | 1.85 | 1.88 | 1.89 | 1.85 | 1.86 | Current |
| BMO | Rates Scenario, Aug 2026Aug 13, 2026 | 1.86 | 1.85 | 1.84 | 1.83 | 1.81 | CurrentPeriod averages; Q4 2026 is the December average |
| Average, current editions | Simple mean of figures shown | 1.87n=7 | 1.85n=7 | 1.85n=7 | 1.84n=6 | 1.83n=6 | Within 90 days |
Marks. conv. = converted from the bank's quote; calc. = calculated from two of the bank's own figures; target = the bank's stated level for the year; none = no figure published.
Freshness. Editions dated more than 90 days before the check date are shown with their date and left out of the average.
Sources. Each row links to the bank's own document. We copy the figures only, never the text. BMO figures are period averages.
04. Cross rate
AUD/CAD forecast
On average the banks see AUD/CAD lower, from 1.00 in Q4 2026 to 0.99 by Q4 2027: a firmer Canadian dollar against the Australian dollar.
Desjardins has the highest Q4 2026 call at 1.04; CIBC and BMO have the lowest at 0.97. By Q4 2027 the current calls run from 0.96 to 1.05.
How the gaps are filled. Where National Bank prints no figure for a quarter, the cell reads none. Nothing is carried forward. TD Economics does not publish AUD/CAD.
AUD/CAD by bank
HighestLowest| Bank | Source and date | Q4 2026 | Q1 2027 | Q2 2027 | Q3 2027 | Q4 2027 | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RBC Capital Markets | Currency Report Card, Aug 2026Aug 13, 2026 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.97 | Current |
| Scotiabank | Foreign Exchange Outlook, Sep 2026Sep 10, 2026 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.00 | Current |
| National Bank | Forex (monthly), Sep 2026Sep 8, 2026 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.97 | none | none | CurrentNo figure published for some quarters |
| Desjardins | FX Analysis, Aug 2026Aug 27, 2026 | 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.05 | Current |
| CIBC | FX Monthly, Aug 2026Aug 2026 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 0.96 | Current |
| BMO | Rates Scenario, Aug 2026Aug 13, 2026 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.96 | CurrentPeriod averages; Q4 2026 is the December average |
| TD Economics | Does not publish AUD/CAD | ||||||
| Average, current editions | Simple mean of figures shown | 1.00n=6 | 0.99n=6 | 0.99n=6 | 0.99n=5 | 0.99n=5 | Within 90 days |
Marks. conv. = converted from the bank's quote; calc. = calculated from two of the bank's own figures; target = the bank's stated level for the year; none = no figure published.
Freshness. Editions dated more than 90 days before the check date are shown with their date and left out of the average.
Sources. Each row links to the bank's own document. We copy the figures only, never the text. BMO figures are period averages.
05. Cross rate
NZD/CAD forecast
On average the banks see NZD/CAD lower, from 0.83 in Q4 2026 to 0.82 by Q4 2027: a firmer Canadian dollar against the New Zealand dollar.
RBC Capital Markets and Scotiabank have the highest Q4 2026 call at 0.84; BMO has the lowest at 0.81. By Q4 2027 the current calls run from 0.80 to 0.85.
How the gaps are filled. Cells marked calc. multiply the bank's own NZD/USD call by its USD/CAD call for the same quarter (RBC Capital Markets, Scotiabank, CIBC and BMO). TD Economics, National Bank and Desjardins do not publish NZD/CAD.
NZD/CAD by bank
HighestLowest| Bank | Source and date | Q4 2026 | Q1 2027 | Q2 2027 | Q3 2027 | Q4 2027 | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RBC Capital Markets | Currency Report Card, Aug 2026Aug 13, 2026 | 0.84calc. | 0.83calc. | 0.83calc. | 0.81calc. | 0.81calc. | CurrentCalculated: NZD/USD times USD/CAD |
| Scotiabank | Foreign Exchange Outlook, Sep 2026Sep 10, 2026 | 0.84calc. | 0.83calc. | 0.84calc. | 0.84calc. | 0.85calc. | CurrentCalculated: NZD/USD times USD/CAD |
| CIBC | FX Monthly, Aug 2026Aug 2026 | 0.82calc. | 0.83calc. | 0.83calc. | 0.82calc. | 0.82calc. | CurrentCalculated: NZD/USD times USD/CAD |
| BMO | Rates Scenario, Aug 2026Aug 13, 2026 | 0.81calc. | 0.81calc. | 0.81calc. | 0.81calc. | 0.80calc. | CurrentCalculated: NZD/USD times USD/CADPeriod averages; Q4 2026 is the December average |
| TD Economics | Does not publish NZD/CAD | ||||||
| National Bank | Does not publish NZD/CAD | ||||||
| Desjardins | Does not publish NZD/CAD | ||||||
| Average, current editions | Simple mean of figures shown | 0.83n=4 | 0.83n=4 | 0.83n=4 | 0.82n=4 | 0.82n=4 | Within 90 days |
Marks. conv. = converted from the bank's quote; calc. = calculated from two of the bank's own figures; target = the bank's stated level for the year; none = no figure published.
Freshness. Editions dated more than 90 days before the check date are shown with their date and left out of the average.
Sources. Each row links to the bank's own document. We copy the figures only, never the text. BMO figures are period averages.
Drivers
What moves the Canadian dollar?
The gap between the Bank of Canada's rate and the US Federal Reserve's rate. Money tends to flow toward the higher return.
Canada is a major oil exporter, so higher oil prices tend to support the Canadian dollar.
Tariffs and trade talks between Canada and the United States change how much Canada can sell, and at what price.
When investors are nervous they tend to buy US dollars, which weighs on the Canadian dollar.
Right now
Official sources, updated each weekday| Measure | Level | As of | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bank of Canada policy rate | 2.25% | September 22, 2026 | Bank of Canada |
| US Federal Reserve target range | 3.75% to 4.00% | September 22, 2026 | New York Fed |
| Rate gap | 1.50 to 1.75 percentage points | Higher in the US | |
| USD/CAD, Bank of Canada daily rate | 1.4096 | September 23, 2026 | Bank of Canada |
Today's rate is 2 cents above the Q4 2026 bank average of 1.39. A wide rate gap in favour of the US is the main reason the higher bank calls sit where they do.
Why a tracker
The spread is the story
An average hides the most useful signal: how much the banks disagree. When calls for the same quarter sit eight cents apart, timing a large conversion matters more than any single number.
So we show every published call, its date and its source, and let you see the range for yourself.
Method
How we build this page
Every number comes from the bank's own published document, not a summary or a third-party table. Where a bank has not printed a figure, the cell says so, and every filled or calculated cell is labelled.
Averages use current editions only and show how many banks each one is based on. We check every source each weekday; new figures are reviewed before they are published here.
- RBC Capital Markets, Currency Report Card, Aug 13, 2026
- TD Economics, Forecast Tables: Foreign Exchange Outlook, Sep 2026
- Scotiabank, Foreign Exchange Outlook, Sep 10, 2026
- National Bank, Forex (monthly), Sep 8, 2026
- Desjardins, FX Analysis, Aug 27, 2026
- CIBC, FX Monthly, Aug 2026
- BMO, Rates Scenario, Aug 13, 2026
- Source every figureEach row links to the bank's document and shows its date.
- The 90-day ruleAn edition dated more than 90 days before the check date is shown hollow and left out of every average. Month-only dates count from the first of the month.
- One conventionAll pairs are quoted in Canadian dollars per unit of the other currency. TD publishes US dollars per Canadian dollar, so we convert with 1 divided by its figure and mark the cell conv.
- Filled quarters are markedWhere a bank stops short of Q4 2027, a stated target is marked target and straight-line steps between published figures would be marked line. Nothing is carried forward silently; otherwise the cell reads none.
- Derived pairs show their workingNZD/CAD is the bank's NZD/USD call multiplied by the same bank's USD/CAD call for the same quarter, marked calc. Any other calculated cross is marked the same way.
- Plain averagesEach average is the simple mean of the figures shown for current editions, rounded to two decimals, with the number of banks (n).
- Period averages are labelledBMO publishes average rates for each period rather than end-of-quarter levels. Its Q4 2026 figure is the December average.
FAQ
Frequently asked questions
Will the Canadian dollar strengthen in 2026 and 2027?
Based on the latest reports from all seven banks in our comparison, the answer is yes. Every current forecast shows USD/CAD lower in Q4 2027 than in Q4 2026, which implies a stronger Canadian dollar over that period. The forecasts cluster between 1.33 and 1.37 by the end of 2027, although future exchange rates can change quickly as economic conditions evolve.
What is the USD/CAD forecast for Q4 2026?
The seven current bank forecasts average 1.39 USD/CAD for Q4 2026. Forecasts range from 1.37 at the low end (Scotiabank, National Bank and CIBC) to 1.45 at the high end (RBC Capital Markets). The wide range shows how uncertain currency forecasting can be.
Which bank has the highest USD/CAD forecast for Q4 2026?
RBC Capital Markets currently has the highest Q4 2026 forecast at 1.45 USD/CAD. The lowest forecasts are 1.37, published by Scotiabank, National Bank and CIBC. The spread between the highest and lowest forecast is eight cents.
What is the USD to CAD forecast for the next six months?
Across the seven current bank forecasts, USD/CAD is expected between 1.37 to 1.45 at the end of Q4 2026 and between 1.35 to 1.43 at the end of Q1 2027. The spread reflects disagreement about how long US interest rates stay above Canadian rates.
When is a good time to exchange US dollars to Canadian dollars?
There is no reliable way to pick the best day. A common approach is to work back from the date you need the money, convert in two or three parts, and decide in advance on a rate you would accept. That limits how much one bad week can cost without relying on any forecast being right.
Why do bank forecasts differ?
No two banks use exactly the same assumptions. Exchange-rate forecasts are influenced by interest rates, inflation, economic growth, oil prices, government policy and international trade. Small differences in those assumptions can lead to noticeably different forecasts.
What counts as a current edition?
A report is considered current if it was published within the last 90 days of the date shown on this page. If a report only provides a month and year, we use the first day of that month. All seven banks currently meet that requirement.
Why are TD's USD/CAD figures marked “conv.”?
TD publishes forecasts as US dollars per Canadian dollar rather than Canadian dollars per US dollar. To make comparisons consistent, we convert TD's published figures using the reciprocal rate (1 divided by the published value) and round the result to two decimal places. The figures are marked conv. to show they were converted.
Why does BMO use period averages?
BMO's forecast reports provide the average exchange rate during a period rather than the exchange rate at the end of the period. For Q4 2026, we use BMO's December average. Most other banks publish quarter-end forecasts instead.
Why are some NZD/CAD forecasts labelled “calc.”?
The banks in our comparison do not publish NZD/CAD forecasts directly. When a bank publishes both NZD/USD and USD/CAD forecasts, we calculate NZD/CAD by combining those figures. Calculated values are labelled calc. for transparency.
How often is this page updated?
We review every source on business days. When a bank releases a new forecast report, the figures are checked, verified and updated. Each forecast on this page includes the date of the source document so readers can see exactly how current the information is.
Are bank exchange-rate forecasts accurate?
Bank forecasts are informed opinions, not guarantees. Even professional currency strategists regularly revise their forecasts as interest rates, economic data, commodity prices and trade policy change. Forecasts are best used as a planning tool rather than a prediction of what will definitely happen. For the end of 2025, the seven banks' last forecasts before year-end ranged from 1.37 to 1.40; the Bank of Canada rate on December 31, 2025 was 1.3706, an average miss of about 2 cents. This page also records each month's range beside the Bank of Canada rate, so you can see how the calls change over time.